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destroyer leader
Destroyer Leader (DL) was the United States Navy designation for large destroyers from 9 February 1951 through the early years of the cold war. United States ships with hull classification symbol DL were officially frigates from 1 January 1955〔Blackman, p.434〕 until 1975. The smaller destroyer leaders were reclassified as destroyers and the larger as cruisers by the United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification; so destroyer escorts could be reclassified as frigates (FF) in conformance with international usage of the term.
==Background==
By the end of World War I the destroyers intended to screen formations of battleships had evolved to a displacement of approximately 1100 tons armed with four guns and six or more torpedoes.〔Lenton & Colledge, pp.79-94〕 Italy had built three ''esploratori'' (scout cruisers) approximately 70% larger than contemporary destroyers. The Washington Naval Treaty encouraged United Kingdom satisfaction with its traditional fleet of s and United States contentment with similar and s, while the signatories with smaller fleets explored alternative warship configurations between the classical definitions of destroyer and cruiser. Italy launched three more ''esploratori''〔Kafka & Pepperburg, p.784〕 and France responded with six ''Chacal''-class ''contre-torpilleur'' super destroyers. Japan launched the minimum light cruiser followed by the ''Fubuki''-class special type destroyers with endurance to escort the ''Kido Butai'' mobile force of aircraft carriers over the wide reaches of the Pacific.〔Watts, pp.126-143〕
Germany built similarly enlarged ''Zerstörer'' when it commenced naval rearmament.〔Lenton, (1976) p.67〕 With the exception of the and a few flotilla leaders, most British and American destroyers built between the world wars were smaller than contemporary Axis destroyers; but as the battleships for which the smaller destroyers had been designed as escorts faded into restricted roles in the combat experience of World War II, United States destroyer displacement increased to 2100-tons, 2200-tons, and 2400-tons to support Fast Carrier Task Force operations.〔Silverstone, pp.100-103〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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